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Cystitis

Pain in the lower abdomen with cystitis

CISTESTIS is an inflammatory process that affects the inner walls of the bladder.In the early phases, it affects mostly the mucous membranes, and in difficult cases they can expand to the muscular layer of the organ.

According to statistics, nearly 35% of people (mostly women) at the age of 20-40 are faced with this pathology, there are up to 67% of all cases of urological diseases.

Important! The bladder inflammation is characterized by both sexes, however, due to the anatomical characteristics, for women, they occur 6-8 times more often.Wider, flat and short urethra provides easy access to various urogenital infections.With age, the difference in the frequency of phenomena and women was smoothed over the growth of prostatitis cases among older men and accompanying secondary cystitis.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathology deals with urologist.Women often have to resort to help gynecologists.

Clean for patterns and types of pathology

Depending on the presence of internal sources of inflammation, 2 types of cystitis differ:

  • Primary - develops as an independent inflammation of the walls of the previously healthy bladder;It is more common in women;
  • Secondary - occurs as a result of other diseases of urea or inflammation of adjacent tissues and organs (for example, with prostatitis in men).

The nature of the course of the disease, they differ:

  • Acute form;
  • Chronic form - mixed symptoms without pain and ignition are characteristic.

In the field of coverage, the disease may be:

  • total or generally;
  • Fokal - for example, cervical uterus with bladder neck damage;
  • With the lying in the ureter triangle Lieto (trigonite).

Note!Focus inflammation can cover the entire urinary system - in such cases, CISTITIS is the first clinical event of kidney stone diseases or pyelonephritis.

Given the changes that are observed in the area of the lesion, distinct:

  • Catarhal - a classic acute inflammatory process with disabilities only mucosa;Follow it difficult hyperemia, swelling and release of the serous exudate (serous form);In a neglected case, he can enter the purulent form (with the release of a purulent exudate);
  • flexous - a special kind of gnody inflammation with spilled purulent impairment on the submucose layer;
  • Granulomatous - accompanied by a plentiful rash on body membranes;
  • Hemorrhagic - inflammatory process, accompanied by the release of blood in the urine;
  • Interstitals - with the inclusion of deep muscle layers;
  • Ulcerat - with the formation of characteristic ulceration of the mucosa of the interior walls;
  • Playing - for a long time regardless of the ulcers are overgrown with salts;
  • cystic - with the formation of cysts on the submucuate organ;
  • Gangrena - with the murder of the fabric.

Given the reasons, all variety of cases are divided into 2 large groups of infectious and non-energy cientists.

Infectious forms They develop under the influence of different urogenital and general infections.Distinguish:

  • Specific pathologies - pathogens (mainly bacteria) - Chlamydia, Gonoskoki, etc.;
  • Nevere pathology - source of disease are various representatives of the conditional pathogenic flora

Note!In rare cases, cystitis may appear in response to the infection of the kidney tuberculosis.The disease is accompanied by a pronounced clinical picture.

Non-effective cystitis - Develop as a result of non-biological damage to the mucosa of the organ.There are several types of pathological effects:

  • Radial - negative impact on radiation tissue or radio exposure;
  • allergic or autoimmune - pathological reaction of the body to allergens (mainly personal hygienic products) or antigens of their own tissues;
  • Traumatic - with chopped or cut wounds, with damage to the walls with urinary stone, catheter, foreign bodies; 
  • parasitic - influenced by toxic parasites, especially blood scanes (type of flat worms);Risk zone includes mainly passengers in the Middle East and Central Asia;
  • Thermal - with burns, when washing with too hot solutions;
  • Chemical toxic - When exposed to aggressive substances: medications, concentrated metabolites, toxic substances, etc.;

How is cystitis: the causes of pathology

The vast majority of cystitis has infectious nature.The caused agent in this case can become both conditionally pathogenic bacteria.Coli, streptococki, staphylococki, enterococci and frequent representatives of urogenital infection-gonoscoli, trichone, etc.

However, microorganism aggression is not the main cause of the disease.For their successful performance, the body should weaken the influence of harmful external and internal factors.They include:

  • Chronic infections in other body systems - Caries for teeth, intestinal diseases, various forms of acute respiratory viral infections, gynecological inflammation and STD;
  • Vitaminosis and hypovitaminosis against background of an unbalanced diet;
  • Regular physical, nervous, mental contestant, as well as insomnia and lack of night sleep;
  • Strong psycho -emon progress;
  • General weakening of the immune system, including the long-term use of immunospressors;
  • Body hypothermia, the effect of sudden temperature changes - for women is sometimes enough to sit on a cold surface to start the inflammatory process in pelvic authorities, including bladder;
  • High sexual activity in the absence of a permanent partner (non-traditional sex practices and unprotected sex are especially dangerous);
  • It will stand in the pelvic body - sedentary work and sedentary lifestyle in general, frequent prison, incomplete discharge due to strict urethra or bladder tumors, as well as banal habits "; 
  • Bad or irregular body hygiene - in 90% of cases, the pathogen cystitis is E. Coli, which enters the bubble from the rectum;
  • Wearing synthetic bedding, especially narrow, squeezing pelvic authorities;
  • abnormal development of urinary organs;
  • injuries and surgical intervention on pelvic bodies;
  • Acute and greasy food.

Separately, the cause of the disease should be mentioned with endocrine disorders (diabetes Melitus, taking hormonal medicines) and general fluctuations in a hormone background.The latter reason is especially characteristic of a woman's body, when it worsens cystitis monstrous periods, pregnancy or menopause.

Symptoms of the disease

The first symptoms of cystitis increases are urinating and discomfort in the lower abdomen.By the way, it all depends on the form of illness and its cause. 

General list of possible features:

  • Frequent urination, sometimes false;
  • Urine has a mud color, blood impurities (hematuria) and pus are possible;
  • pain in the lower abdomen (can be given to the lower part);
  • carving and incineration in the urination process;
  • Permanent feeling of fullness of the bladder;
  • Urine acquires an unpleasant odor;
  • daily or night exaggeration;
  • Improving body temperature and general weakness.

In rare cases of acute shape, cooler, nausea, vomiting are possible.

Important! This disease does not characterize the temperature above 37.5 degrees.If there is a surplus of this indicator, it is necessary to examine the whole urinary system - maybe the inflammatory process reached the kidneys.

In women, pathology often continues in acute form and is accompanied by a classic set of symptoms.

Men characterizes chronic stream of diseases with lubricated symptoms, which are often accompanied by signs of simultaneous diseases of sexual sphere (for example, balanoposthitis or urethiritis).

Diagnostics

Clear symptoms of the disease allow you to create a major diagnosis after talking to the patient and palpation.Additional instrumental and laboratory testing methods enable the establishment of the type and form of disease, identify pathogen (with infectious lesions) and prescribe the most efficient therapeutic complex.

Instrumental diagnostics:

  • Echoscopy (Ultrasound) - determines the degree of inflammatory process, allows the state of the urinary and sex system to assess at the same time;
  • Endoscopy - Examination of the urinary bladder cavity using the optical system of the cystoscope allows you to assess the state of internal meeting, identify possible pathologies and neoplasms;spent only after the disappearance of acute phenomena;
  • The cystography is the X -Ray preview using the X -RAY contract.

Laboratory research:

  • General urine analysis - Check level pH, leukocyte concentration, red blood cells, acid protein salts;
  • the study of urine sediments for more accurate results;
  • Baksev - Identify contagious pathogens;
  • Tissue biopsy, followed by histological examination;
  • PCR diagnostics - as efficient as possible when identifying sexual infections.

In some cases, the doctor may prescribe blood biochemistry analysis - allows you to find the features of the functioning of bodies in the concentration of major electrolytes, as well as evaluate the activity of enzymatic systems.

For women, it is important to implement a gynecological examination for the presence of "female" inflammation, which often become the cause or consequence of cystitis.

Attention! It is often inflammation of the urea symptom of a more serious disease, therefore, a differential diagnosis for tuberculosis, prostatitis (in men), cancer tumors, etc.

How's the treatment going?

The acute form of cystitis easily and quickly enters the chronic, so it is very important to react to the first signs of disease on time and properly.

Attention! Often, after an acute manifestation of the first symptoms, inflammation comes independently into nothing.This does not mean that the patient recovered - the disease can go "underground", and more detailed body diagnosis is needed to identify the hidden pathological process.

Treatment, as a rule, complex, using conservative methods.With competent access, the outcome is favorable.The surgical intervention is only needed in the most advanced cases.

Main list of appointments:

  • Drug therapy;
  • economical regimen;
  • abundant drink;
  • Compliance with the diet.

In chronic forms to repay the bladder functionality, a physiotherapy complex is assigned.

Medicine treatment:

  • Antibiotics - in chronic forms, make an individual choice of medicines based on Bakpoeva results;
  • Diuretics - Diuretics increase urine outflow, washing pathogen flora and reducing the concentration of irritating substances;
  • antispasmodics;
  • Vitamin preparations.

To prevent the pathogenic effect of a large number of chemicals, classes are actively used with cystitis, mainly anti-mater and diuretics: stubborn, lingonberry, kidney tea, spray, chamomel, parsley.A good effect give medicine medicines based on plant materials.

Attention! A profundant drink with cystitis is necessary!The minimum volume of clean water is 2 liters.Recommended-2.5-3 liters.

Features of the diet:

  • Turn off all marinades, sharp spices, acidic cucumbers, sweets, smoked and fried food, as well as alcohol, tea, coffee, sweet soda;Salt from the diet should be eliminated for maximum (!);
  • reduce the amount of meat, fish, poultry, especially fat varieties; 
  • Dairy products are consumed in small quantities - a low -that cottage, yogurt, milk, low and unresolved cheese;
  • Increase the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits (large inclinations of watermelons, pumpkins);
  • In order to prevent imprisonment in a diet, the content of bran, cereals and vegetable oils should be increased.

Features of cystitis in pregnant women

Change the hormonal background during pregnancy creates prerequisites for combating the work of the immune system, which increases the risks of developing different inflammation processes.The smallest hypothermia, a slight violation of hygiene rules, and even common climate change (body considered by stress) can cause bladder inflammation.

When they wear a child, especially in the late stages of pregnancy, pressure on the bladder due to increased cervical uterus.On the one hand, this causes stable phenomena in the pelvic area and on the other hand contributes to the development of cystitis, especially worsening the manifestation of its symptoms, especially:

  • Frequency of increasing urination;
  • The sensation of pressure in the bladder becomes constant and does not stop even after its discharge.

Treatment during pregnancy is difficult due to the ban on the use of most antibacterial agents - can negatively affect the full development of the fruit.As an alternative, the method of urination is used - the introduction of harmful antibacterial funds of local action directly into the bubble cavity.The procedure is performed in the hospital under the control of medical staff.

Attention! Clean during pregnancy is dangerous in complications.Higher renal load in the gestation period requires constant monitoring of the urinary system status and emergency hospitalization in the event of spreading inflammation to their upper wards.

How to warn the disease?

In order to prevent inflammatory processes in the urinary system, it is enough to comply with the following rules:

  • Avoid lower body hypothermia - Do not sit on a cold surface, keep your feet warm.
  • Turn off sharp and salty food products.
  • Timely treat sexual infections, as well as other foci of inflammatory processes (including careers).
  • Reject synthetic materials, especially within the underwear.Avoid narrow, tightening the pelvic area of clothing.
  • In the presence of sitting work, regular breaks of 10-15 minutes with heating work.
  • Carefully follow personal hygiene rules (especially for women) - when washing and deleting after defecation, all movements should be directed in the direction back.Lower underwear should be changed daily.During the menstruation, it is necessary to change the seals and tampons as often as possible.
  • Try urinating on time - on the first "invitation of nature", do not tolerate - this causes stagnation of urine and stretches the bladder walls.Natural norm Urinate 5-6 times during the day.

With frequent repetite cystice for the purpose of preventing, you should have a glass of cranberry juice a day - its expressed antibacterial properties will prevent illness or significantly reduce the frequency of its manifestations.